This apart from being an estimate does not capture the complexity of values that can be added, derived or offset from hunting activities. These values could include:
Payments by hunters towards hunting fees, equipment accommodation etc.
These include aspects related to conservation activities, ecosystem retention and management.
Hunting is often a very important social and cultural activity in many rural areas which has value in binding communities as well as offering useful social integration tools.
Hunting helps retain a link to rural areas and an understanding of ecosystem functioning that serves to retain cultural knowledge and understanding for future generations.
These are related mainly to the costs that would be incurred by Governments in managing wildlife populations and paying for damages incurred by these populations.
(1) Kenward, R. & Sharp, R. (2008) Use Nationally of Wildlife Resources Across Europe, 117-132.: in Manos, P. & Papathanasiou, J. [eds.] (2008) GEM-CON-BIO: Governance & Ecosystems Management for the Conservation of Biodiversity. Thessaloniki.
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